Akvira

Introduction Analysis of data is necessary for the researcher to draw conclusions. Two methodological approaches are used for analysis of data:-quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative Method The quantitative method is a systematic approach in psychological research that emphasises measuring, analysing, and interpreting numerical data to comprehend human behaviour. This approach utilises systematic and standardised instruments, including psychological assessments, questionnaires, and structured interviews, primarily employing closed-ended questions (e.g., yes/no, multiple-choice, or Likert scale responses). The principal benefit of quantitative research is its capacity to generate objective, statistically analysable data, enabling researchers to discern trends, evaluate hypotheses, and extrapolate findings to broader populations. A fundamental characteristic of quantitative research is its focus on quantification - transforming psychological attributes (e.g., intelligence, an...

Psychological Test: A psychological test is a standardized and objective instrument which is used to assess an individual’s standing in relation to others on some mental or behavioral characteristics. Objectivity refers to the fact that if two or more researchers administer a psychological test on the same group of people, both of them would come up with more or less the same values for each person in the group. In order for a psychological test to become an objective measure, it is essential that items should be worded in such a manner that they communicate the same meaning to different readers. Standardization Procedures have to be followed to develop a psychological test. While constructing a test a systematic process has to be followed that involves a detailed analysis of items, and estimating reliability, validity, and norms of the test. A test becomes a standardized test only when norms are developed for the test. A norm is the normal or average performance of the group. To set...

Introduction The Waqf Amendment Bill 2025, referred to as the UMEED Bill, was enacted by Parliament in April 2025, proposing substantial modifications to the governance and management of Waqf properties in India. This legislation aims to amend the Waqf Act of 1995, with the objective of enhancing transparency, accountability, and efficiency in the administration of Waqf properties while addressing persistent issues within the system. Initially introduced in 2024, the bill was examined by a Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC). After a comprehensive review and public consultations, it was approved by both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha as the UMEED Bill (Unified Management Empowerment Efficiency and Development). The subsequent step is the Presidential assent for the bill, after which it will become law. Waqf Property A Waqf is a property bequeathed by Muslims for a designated religious, charitable, or personal purpose. The property is deemed to be owned by God, with its advantages alloca...