Akvira

Types of Research Survey Research Survey Research : Non-experimental method to collect data via questions. Steps : Define problem. Select population/sample. Choose data tools. Collect & analyze data. Tools : Questionnaires, interviews, checklists. Types : Descriptive Analytical Cross-sectional Longitudinal Questions : Structured: fixed answers. Unstructured: open-ended. Precautions : Avoid bias, ensure clarity, logical order. Advantages : Cost-effective, wide reach, data-rich. Disadvantages : Response bias, limited depth. Issues : Sampling errors, misinterpretation, non-response.

Introduction Analysis of data is necessary for the researcher to draw conclusions. Two methodological approaches are used for analysis of data:-quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative Method The quantitative method is a systematic approach in psychological research that emphasises measuring, analysing, and interpreting numerical data to comprehend human behaviour. This approach utilises systematic and standardised instruments, including psychological assessments, questionnaires, and structured interviews, primarily employing closed-ended questions (e.g., yes/no, multiple-choice, or Likert scale responses). The principal benefit of quantitative research is its capacity to generate objective, statistically analysable data, enabling researchers to discern trends, evaluate hypotheses, and extrapolate findings to broader populations. A fundamental characteristic of quantitative research is its focus on quantification - transforming psychological attributes (e.g., intelligence, an...

Introduction: Reliability and Validity Reliability and validity are both critical ideas in research and measurement, however they pertain to distinct dimensions of a measure's quality. Reliability: Reliability denotes the consistency and stability of a measuring device. An accurate measure produces consistent findings when applied repeatedly under comparable settings. It is essential to guarantee that the acquired data is reliable and devoid of random mistakes. Standard techniques for evaluating dependability encompass test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, and internal consistency. Definition: Reliability denotes the constancy or stability of a measurement throughout time. An accurate metric will produce the same outcomes under uniform conditions. Types of Reliability: Test-Retest Reliability Reliability: The uniformity of outcomes when the identical assessment is conducted at various intervals. Inter-Rater Reliability: The degree of consistency in outcomes when many ...