Introduction: Behavioural theory, or behaviourism, emphasises observable behaviours over internal mental processes, positing that learning transpires through environmental interactions. This approach is fundamentally based on the concept of conditioning, encompassing both classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning, developed by Ivan Pavlov, entails learning via association, in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a significant one to provoke a response. Operant conditioning, formulated by B.F. Skinner, highlights the roles of reinforcement and punishment in enhancing or diminishing behaviours. Behaviourists assert that behaviours can be systematically analysed, quantified, and altered without exploring subjective experiences such as thoughts or emotions. This theory has been extensively utilised in education, therapy, and behavioural modification programs, employing structured reinforcement strategies to promote desired behaviours. Critics contend that...