Akvira

Syllabus Code No.: 04 Subject: PSYCHOLOGY 1. Emergence of Psychology Psychological thought in some major Eastern Systems: Bhagavad Gita, Buddhism, Sufism and Integral Yoga. Academic psychology in India: Pre- independence era; post-independence era; 1970s: The move to addressing social issues; 1980s: Indigenization; 1990s: Paradigmatic concerns, disciplinary identity crisis; 2000s: Emergence of Indian psychology in academia. Issues: The colonial encounter; Post colonialism and psychology; Lack of distinct disciplinary identity. Western: Greek heritage, medieval period and modern period. Structuralism, Functionalism, Psychoanalytical, Gestalt, Behaviorism, Humanistic- Existential, Transpersonal, Cognitive revolution, Multiculturalism. Four founding paths of academic psychology - Wundt, Freud, James, Dilthey. Issues: Crisis in psychology due to strict adherence to experimental- analytical paradigm (logical empiricism). Indic influences on modern psychology. Essential aspects of knowl...

Branches of Psychology Various fields of specialization in psychology: Cognitive Psychology • Investigates mental processes involved in acquisition, storage, manipulation, and transformation of information received from the environment along with its use and communication. • The major cognitive processes are attention, perception, memory, reasoning, problem solving, decision-making and language. • In order to study these cognitive processes, psychologists conduct experiments in laboratory settings. • Some of them also follow an ecological approach, i.e. an approach which focuses on the environmental factors, to study cognitive processes in a natural setting. Cognitive psychologists often collaborate with neuroscientists and computer scientists. Biological Psychology • Focuses on the relationship between behavior and the physical system, including the brain and the rest of the nervous system, the immune system, and genetics. • Biological psychologists often collaborate with neuroscienti...

Psychological Test: A psychological test is a standardized and objective instrument which is used to assess an individual’s standing in relation to others on some mental or behavioral characteristics. Objectivity refers to the fact that if two or more researchers administer a psychological test on the same group of people, both of them would come up with more or less the same values for each person in the group. In order for a psychological test to become an objective measure, it is essential that items should be worded in such a manner that they communicate the same meaning to different readers. Standardization Procedures have to be followed to develop a psychological test. While constructing a test a systematic process has to be followed that involves a detailed analysis of items, and estimating reliability, validity, and norms of the test. A test becomes a standardized test only when norms are developed for the test. A norm is the normal or average performance of the group. To set...